Introduction
Georges Schweinfurth
Georg August Schweinfurth (born on December 29, 1836 in Rīga – died on September 19, 1925 in Berlin), is a German-Baltic botanist, German ethnologist and explorer of black Africa (With a surface area of 30,221,532 km2 including the islands,…).
Biography
After studying at several universities (Heidelberg, Munich and Berlin), he focused on botany (Botany is the science devoted to the study of plants (from Greek…) and paleontology (Paleontology is the science that studies the fossil remains of living beings…).
Tasked with classifying the collections brought back from Sudan by Baron von Barnim and Dr Hartmann, he became interested in this African region. In 1863, he undertook a journey (A journey is a trip made to a more or less distant point for personal purposes…) along the coast of the Red Sea (The Red Sea (Arabic: ????? ?????? Bahr el-Ahmar) is an intracontinental sea of the ocean…) to Khartoum (Khartoum (Arabic: al-Khartûm: ???????, which can be translated as “Trunk…) and returned to Europe (Europe is a terrestrial region that can be considered as a…) in 1866. His research sparked the interest of the Humboldt-Stiftung in Berlin, and in 1868, he was sent on an important scientific (A scientist is a person who devotes themselves to the study of a science or the sciences and…) mission to the interior of East Africa.
A journey (Before referring to a journey (pleasant or not, short or long, by sea or not, effective or…) led him from Khartoum to Bahr-el-Ghazal, following the White Nile, and then, accompanied by ivory merchants, he crossed the regions inhabited by the Diur (Dyoor), Dinka, Bongo, and Niam-Niam. He then entered the land (Land comes from the Latin pagus, which designated a territorial and tribal subdivision with…) of Mangbettu (Monbuttu) and discovered the Welle River (on March 19, 1870), which is not part of the Nile basin and which he mistakenly believed to be connected to Lake Chad (in reality, it is a tributary of the Congo River).
In 1871, he discovered carved figurines in Central Africa, marking the beginning of the so-called Arts Nègres (Negro Arts) in Europe.
Schweinfurth greatly advanced our knowledge of the inhabitants, fauna, and flora (Flora refers to the set of plant species present in a space…) of Central Africa. He described in detail the cannibalistic practices of the Mangbettu, and his discovery of the Akka pygmies put an end to the debate on the existence of small-statured men in Africa. The account of his expedition was published in Within Central Africa.
In 1873-1874, he accompanied Friedrich Gerhard Rohlfs (1831-1896) on his expedition across the Libyan Desert.
Settling in Cairo in 1875, he founded the Khedivial Society of Geography (Geography (from Ancient Greek geographia…)and devoted himself exclusively to the historical and ethnological study of Africa.
In the company of Paul Güssfeldt (1840-1920), he traveled through the Arabian Desert and continued his explorations until 1888 (including botanical and geological observations in Fayoum, in the Nile Valley). The following year, he returned to live in Berlin, but would later visit Italian Eritrea in 1891, 1892, and 1894.
Bibliography
- Max Linke (1977). Georg Schweinfurth and his work as a geographer, Petermann’s Geographical Communications, 121: 247-251.
Works
- African Arts 1875 (Within Central Africa)
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